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Wildlife Guide · Africa & Asia

Dragonfly

Anisoptera

The agile aerial hunter of ponds and streams

IUCN: Least Concern
Blue dragonfly with outstretched transparent wings resting on a reed

Image: Photo: Charles J. Sharp / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)

In brief

Dragonflies are fast, agile flying insects with long bodies, huge eyes, and two pairs of transparent wings. They are skilled aerial predators that catch other insects in mid-air, and they spend most of their lives as aquatic larvae before becoming adults.

By the WARN Research & Conservation TeamChecked against IUCN Red List & CITES sourcesLast updated

Dragonflies are fast, agile flying insects with long bodies, huge eyes, and two pairs of transparent wings. They are skilled aerial predators that catch other insects in mid-air, and they spend most of their lives as aquatic larvae before becoming adults. Adult dragonflies usually live only a few weeks to a few months.

0.07 m

Typical length

1 g

Typical weight

50 km/h

Top speed

0.5 yrs

Lifespan

Figures sourced from Wikipedia — Dragonfly, Wikidata — Dragonfly .

Dragonfly: Quick Facts

Vital statistics and key facts about the Dragonfly
Scientific name Suborder Anisoptera
Diet Carnivore (flying insects)
Habitat Ponds, lakes, rivers, wetlands
Lifespan Adults a few weeks to months; larvae up to years
Size Wingspan 2–13 cm depending on species
Top speed Up to ~50 km/h (30 mph)
Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN)

Scientific Classification

Scientific classification of the Dragonfly
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Order Odonata
Family Libellulidae

Conservation Status

IUCN Status
Least Concern (IUCN Red List category)
Population
Global population not compiled for this guide
Trend
See the IUCN Red List assessment
Assessed
See the IUCN Red List assessment
CITES
See CITES appendices

Conservation figures are drawn from the IUCN Red List and CITES; this guide links to the authoritative sources rather than restating population counts.

Key Facts: Dragonfly

  • Dragonflies are among the most agile fliers in the insect world.
  • A dragonfly's huge compound eyes can each contain tens of thousands of lenses and wrap around much of its head, giving it nearly all-around vision.
  • Most of a dragonfly's life is spent underwater as a larva, sometimes for a year or more, where it hunts aquatic insects, tadpoles, and even small fish.

Masters of flight

Dragonflies are among the most agile fliers in the insect world. They can move each of their four wings independently, allowing them to hover, fly backward, and change direction instantly. This control makes them highly effective at catching other insects in mid-air, with a very high hunting success rate.


Remarkable vision

A dragonfly's huge compound eyes can each contain tens of thousands of lenses and wrap around much of its head, giving it nearly all-around vision. This excellent sight helps it spot and track fast-moving prey while flying, and judge the path needed to intercept it.


Life in water and air

Most of a dragonfly's life is spent underwater as a larva, sometimes for a year or more, where it hunts aquatic insects, tadpoles, and even small fish. When ready, the larva climbs out of the water, its skin splits, and the winged adult emerges. The adult stage lasts only weeks to a few months.


Habitat and importance

Dragonflies live near fresh water such as ponds, lakes, rivers, and wetlands, where they breed. Because their larvae are sensitive to pollution, the presence of dragonflies is often a sign of healthy water. They also help control populations of mosquitoes and other small insects.

What WARN Does

WARN does not run a dedicated dragonfly programme — this guide is part of the World Animal Rescue Network's free educational library. The dragonfly is currently widespread and not globally threatened, and this guide helps readers understand the pressures that can change that. Building public understanding of species like the dragonfly supports the broader conservation awareness that underpins WARN's partner-led rescue work across its network.

If clear, science-based wildlife guides like this help you understand and value animals, please consider supporting the World Animal Rescue Network's educational and rescue work so we can keep producing them.

How does the dragonfly compare?

Dragonfly: Frequently Asked Questions

How fast can a dragonfly fly?

Dragonflies are strong fliers and can reach speeds of around 50 km/h (30 mph) in short bursts. Their independent wing control also lets them hover and even fly backward.

What do dragonflies eat?

Adult dragonflies are carnivores that catch flying insects such as mosquitoes, flies, and gnats in mid-air. Their aquatic larvae eat other water insects, tadpoles, and small fish.

How long do dragonflies live?

Adult dragonflies usually live only a few weeks to a few months. They spend much longer as underwater larvae, sometimes more than a year, before becoming winged adults.

Do dragonflies bite or sting?

Dragonflies do not sting, and they are harmless to people. A large one might pinch if handled, but they have no venom and pose no danger.

Are dragonflies good for the environment?

Yes. Dragonflies help control mosquitoes and other small insects, and because their larvae need clean water, their presence is a good sign of healthy freshwater habitats.

Why do dragonflies have such big eyes?

A dragonfly's large compound eyes give it nearly all-around vision, which helps it spot and track fast prey in flight. Each eye can have tens of thousands of tiny lenses.

Where do dragonflies live?

Dragonflies live near fresh water — ponds, lakes, rivers and wetlands — where females lay eggs and larvae develop underwater, sometimes for a year or more. Adults hunt flying insects over the water and nearby vegetation. Because larvae are sensitive to pollution, dragonflies are often a sign of healthy freshwater. The group is widespread globally and listed Least Concern.

Are dragonflies dangerous?

Dragonflies are not dangerous to people. They do not sting, have no venom and are harmless unless a large one pinches when handled. Adults are skilled aerial predators of mosquitoes, flies and gnats, reaching around 50 km/h in short bursts. Their huge compound eyes give nearly all-around vision for catching prey in flight, not for attacking humans.

How big is a dragonfly?

A dragonfly's size varies by species, with wingspans from about 2 to 13 cm. Typical body length is around 7 cm, and many adults weigh about 1 g. Despite their small mass, they are among the most agile fliers in the insect world, moving each of their four wings independently to hover, fly backward and change direction instantly when hunting other insects in mid-air.

Sources & References

Population figures, conservation status and biological facts on this page are drawn from authoritative scientific and intergovernmental sources.

Terms used on this page

Plain-English definitions, from our wildlife and conservation glossary.

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