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Indonesia · Wildlife trade

Kopi Luwak: The Cruelty Behind Civet Coffee

What civet coffee involves, what a Bali welfare study found, and how to choose coffee tours without captive wildlife. Read the evidence and its limits.

By WARN Editorial Team Checked against Primary welfare research and tourism guidance Last updated

An Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), the species caged for commercial kopi luwak production

In brief

Kopi luwak is coffee made from cherries eaten and excreted by civets. A 2016 study of Bali tourist plantations documented welfare problems in captive production. It does not establish the source of every product sold today. WARN recommends coffee experiences without captive civets or animal-photo props.

48
Caged civets assessed in Bali (2016)
16
Tourist plantations studied
8
Welfare factors scored
2016
Publication year of the study

What is kopi luwak?

The name describes coffee processed from cherries eaten and passed by civets. Traditional collection used droppings found outdoors; captive production keeps animals to obtain the material. Those are different production methods, and the distinction matters when a coffee is marketed as a wildlife experience. A product label alone does not show which method supplied a particular batch.

Guide 2

What the Bali welfare study found

Carder and colleagues assessed 48 captive palm civets at 16 tourism plantations in Bali. Their 2016 paper considered eight husbandry factors and documented inadequate conditions associated with captive production. The paper is linked below so readers can inspect its scope.

The publication date matters. A 2016 sample is evidence of the conditions observed, not a current census of producers or proof that every product comes from captivity. We do not turn those findings into an unsupported claim about the proportion of all commercial kopi luwak made today.

Guide 3

Coffee production and wildlife display are separate concerns

World Animal Protection’s April 2016 account of the research reported that two sampled plantations kept civets as an attraction despite not producing the coffee on site. That example shows why a question about the beans alone can miss what a tour asks of an animal.

Before booking, ask whether the visit includes captive wildlife, handling or posed photographs. You can choose a coffee experience based on growing, roasting and tasting without paying for an animal display. Our ethical wildlife tourism indonesia guide provides a wider booking checklist.

What should a sourcing claim explain?

If a seller claims a product is wild-collected, ask who checked the claim, what evidence covers the particular supplier and whether the verification is current. A luxury price, a farm visit or the word “traditional” does not answer those questions.

WARN does not certify coffee or maintain an approved supplier list. The cautious choice when the source is unclear is another coffee. That recommendation does not accuse a named producer of wrongdoing; it makes the limits of the available information part of the buying decision.

Guide 5

How visitors can make a useful choice

Tell a tour provider in advance that you want an itinerary without captive-wildlife props. Confirm any additional stops, including those suggested on the day. If you leave a review, describe the date and what you personally observed, separating facts from assumptions about the animals’ origin or health.

ABTA’s animal-welfare guidance identifies forced photo interactions and distressing performances as unacceptable practices. It is a reference for evaluating an activity, not certification of a venue. A brief visit cannot substitute for a professional welfare assessment.

What does WARN fund for civets?

No dedicated civet programme or recipient is confirmed here. This page is educational and does not accept a restricted gift for civet rescue. A slow-loris or other species appeal has its own purpose; it should not be presented as a civet fund.

Explore Indonesia for current cause information and appeal statuses. If a documented civet-welfare proposal is submitted, WARN would assess its recipient, scope, budget and reporting before deciding whether to raise funds. We will not present a photograph or a citation as evidence that a grant has already been made.

Sources and evidence

WARN uses named intergovernmental, conservation and animal-welfare sources for numeric claims. These notes summarise the source basis for this page.

Carder, G., Proctor, H., Schmidt-Burbach, J. & D’Cruze, N. (2016)

“The animal welfare implications of civet coffee tourism in Bali.” Animal Welfare 25(2), 199–205. The primary welfare assessment: 48 civets, 16 plantations, eight husbandry factors.

Read the source — Carder, G., Proctor, H., Schmidt-Burbach, J. & D’Cruze, N. (2016) (opens in a new tab)

World Animal Protection — civet coffee campaign

Campaign reporting on caged civet coffee and the retailer response, including Harrods and Selfridges.

Read the source — World Animal Protection — civet coffee campaign (opens in a new tab)

ABTA: animal-welfare requirements for tourism

A public reference for assessing visitor activities; not certification of a venue.

Read the source — ABTA: animal-welfare requirements for tourism (opens in a new tab)

Kopi Luwak: The Cruelty Behind Civet Coffee: Frequently Asked Questions

Is kopi luwak cruel?
Captive production has documented welfare problems. The linked Bali study provides evidence for the sites examined, rather than a verdict on every product currently sold. WARN recommends choosing coffee experiences without captive civets.
Does “wild-collected” guarantee an ethical product?
A label should be supported by evidence about the particular supplier and batch. Ask what was checked and by whom. WARN does not certify suppliers; choose another coffee if you cannot establish the source.
Can a coffee tour affect civets even if the beans come from elsewhere?
Yes. The linked 2016 campaign report described animals displayed at sites that did not produce the coffee themselves. Ask about animal exhibits and photo opportunities as well as the product.
Does WARN have a civet rescue fund?
No dedicated civet programme or recipient is confirmed here. This is an educational guide. Other WARN appeals retain their own species, geography and funding terms.
How can I check whether WARN has paid a grant?
Read /about/where-your-money-goes/#grant-register for published recipient, approval and payment records. A reconciled financial summary and individual grant records have not yet been published here. This is a reporting status, not a statement that income, expenditure or grants are zero. Contact WARN for information about your gift.

Put useful information into action

Use the sources and practical guidance above, share the page with its date and context, and check the status of any proposed support before giving. A guide does not establish a funded WARN programme.

Explore Indonesia causes and status